Global Islamic Research Centre

The Impacts and Outcomes of Islamic Learning Cities

Islamic learning cities, historically have produced various outcomes that have had a profound impact on society, culture, science, and education including:

1. Advancements in Science and Knowledge by Scientific Method and Experimental Technique;
2. Cultural and Artistic Flourishing;
3. Preservation and Translation of Texts;
4. Expanding Inclusive Educational Institutions and Madrasahs;
5. Philosophical and Theological Inquiry;
6. Multiculturalism and Tolerance;
7. Legacy of Universities;
8. Literary and Poetic Achievements;
9. Global Impact and Knowledge Transmission;
10. Influence on Islamic Law and Jurisprudence;
11. Legacy in Modern Educational Systems;
12. Cultural Heritage and Identity; and
13. Inspiration for Contemporary Learning Cities.

Internationally recognized Muslim scholars of medieval Islamic civilization who have been described as the father or the founder of a field by some modern scholars:

1. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi, “father of modern surgery“.
2. Ibn Al-Nafis, “father of circulatory physiology and anatomy.
3. Abbas Ibn Firnas, father of medieval aviation.
4. Alhazen, “father of modern optics”.
5. Jabir ibn Hayyan, father of chemistry
6. Ibn Khaldun father of sociology.
7. Ibn Sina is widely regarded as the father of early modern medicine as well as the father of Clinical Pharmacology.
8. ‘Ali ibn al-‘Abbas al-Majusi, also known as Haly Abbas: founder of anatomic physiology”.
9. Al-Biruni: the “founder of Indology“, “father of comparative religion” and geodesy, and “first anthropologist” titles for his remarkable description of early 11th-century United India under Muslim rule. Al-Biruni is also known as the “father of Islamic pharmacy”
10. Al-Khwarizmi: most renowned as the “father of algebra”[18][19] Al-Khwarizmi had such a huge influence on the field of mathematics that it is attributed to him the eponymous word ‘algorithm‘ as well as ‘algebra‘.
11. Al-Farabi: regarded as the “founder of Islamic/Arab Neoplatonism“.
12. Muhammad al-Idrisi: father of world map.
13. Averroes (Ibn Rushd) (1126-1198): known in West as The Commentator, “father of free thought.
14. Ismail al-Jazari: Father of Automaton and Robotics.
15. Suhrawardi: founder of the Illuminations School of Islamic Philosophy.